A. Stress types (e.g., normal, shear) B. Combined loading–principle of superposition C. Stress and strain caused by axial loads, bending loads, torsion, or transverse shear forces D. Shear and moment diagrams E. Analysis of beams, trusses, frames, and columns F. Loads and deformations (e.g., axial-extension, torque-angle of twist, moment-rotation) 3 G. Stress transformation and principal stresses, including stress-based yielding and fracture criteria (e.g., Mohr's circle, maximum normal stress, Tresca, von Mises) H. Material failure (e.g., Euler buckling, creep, fatigue, brittle fracture, stress concentration factors, factor of safety, and allowable stress)